From nursery selection to mature orchard management
The Walnut Grower's Handbook
Practical guidance for planning, planting, irrigating, managing and developing a commercial walnut orchard.
Section 1 Planning Your Walnut Orchard
The decisions taken before a single tree is planted, and the ones that are most expensive to reverse afterwards.
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Site Selection
Soil depth and drainage, spring frost risk, summer water supply and the lie of the land.
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Land Preparation
Soil analysis, deep ripping, drainage, correcting pH and organic matter before planting rather than after.
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Choosing the Right Variety
Matching leafing date, lateral bearing, nut quality and harvest timing to your own climate and market.
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Orchard Design and Tree Spacing
Row direction, spacing by variety, light interception, and how many pollenizer trees the block needs.
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Section 2 Establishing the Orchard
The first season in the ground, where most of the losses a young orchard ever suffers are decided.
Section 3 Growing Young Trees
Years one to five: building the frame the orchard will carry its crop on for the next three decades.
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Training Young Trees
Heading heights, scaffold selection and the training system that suits your harvest method.
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Fertilization
Building a programme from leaf and soil analysis, nitrogen timing, and the micronutrients walnuts are fussy about.
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Weed and Orchard-Floor Management
Keeping the tree row clean, cover crops between the rows, and preparing a floor that can be swept at harvest.
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Pests and Diseases
Walnut blight, codling moth, husk fly and root disease: identification, monitoring and integrated control.
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Frost, Heat and Other Risks
Spring frost, sunburn, wind and hail, and the protective measures that are worth their cost.
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The First Five Years
What to expect season by season, how to judge an early crop, and when the orchard starts paying its own way.
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Section 4 Managing the Mature Orchard
Protecting the investment once the trees are bearing, and the numbers that decide whether it was a good one.
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Yield and Improving Production
What a hectare produces by year, what limits it, and where the recoverable losses usually are.
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Pruning Mature Orchards
Keeping light in the canopy, renewal pruning, mechanical hedging and when to do none of it.
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Harvesting Walnuts
Judging maturity by packing tissue, shaking, sweeping and picking up, and getting the crop to the huller in time.
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Quality, Grading and Marketing
Drying and storage, kernel colour and halves, the grades buyers pay for and the ones they discount.
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Orchard Economics
Establishment cost line by line, the years of negative cash flow, and long-term return per hectare.
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Built from three decades of nursery and orchard experience
Waltree has been grafting walnut trees in Bandirma since 1992 and supplies commercial growers across Europe and Asia. This handbook collects what we tell our own customers when they ask how to plant and manage what they have bought.
Planning a walnut orchard?
Tell us your location, your land and roughly how many trees you have in mind, and we will advise on varieties, pollenizers and quantities.
Talk to our nursery team